MA Superior Court - Clerkship Info

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
THE SUPERIOR COURT
Suffolk County Courthouse, 13th Floor
3 Pemberton Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02108
LAW CLERK TO THE JUSTICES OF THE SUPERIOR COURT
OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
POSITION PROSPECTUS
2008-2009
A Massachusetts Superior Court Clerkship offers a dynamic legal environment. This trial court clerkship provides an unmatched opportunity to do intensive writing and research and to observe courtroom practice. Law clerks routinely attend motion hearings and portions of trials. During trials, law clerks may attend bench and lobby conferences and help the judges with evidentiary issues, jury impanelment questions, and jury charges. Law clerks usually work simultaneously with several judges on various cases and have direct access to the judges to discuss legal issues.
Law clerk duties encompass every aspect of court procedure and all legal issues within the court's jurisdiction. Under the guidance and supervision of the Chief Justice, the eighty Associate Justices, and the Manager and Assistant Manager of Legal Research, law clerks prepare memoranda and write draft decisions for the judges.
Subject matters include a broad spectrum of civil and criminal law. Assignments range from in-depth research on unsettled questions of law to quick-answer research of evidentiary issues arising during trials. Law clerk offices are lively open settings where clerks routinely exchange ideas, information, and experiences.
Each year, the Justices of the Superior Court hire approximately 54 law school graduates of outstanding ability to serve as law clerks. Approximately six are assigned to Western Massachusetts. The law clerks will serve a oneyear term from September 1, 2008 until August 31, 2009 at a salary of approximately $47,000. Employee benefits include subsidized health, dental, and vision insurance, ten days of paid vacation time and three days of paid personal time.
The central law clerks’ office is located in downtown Boston. The main office for law clerks assigned to W estern Massachusetts is in the Hampden County Courthouse in Springfield.
Because the Superior Court is a circuit court, both the judges and the law clerks rotate among various county courthouses. Law clerks generally move every three months to different courthouses where they have the opportunity to work with a new group of judges and law clerks. All law clerks assigned to Eastern Massachusetts will spend approximately six to eight months rotating to courthouses beyond Boston and Cambridge. Law clerks assigned to
Western Massachusetts will be required to travel to courthouses outside Springfield. Accordingly, a reliable car is a requirement for the clerkship.


SUPERIOR COURT CLERKSHIP
APPLICATION PROCEDURE
2008-2009
Interested candidates should submit the following:
1. Cover Letter. Cover letters should be addressed Linda Layne, Manager of Legal Research
Services or Romeo Camba, Assistant Manager of Legal Research Services. Please state in your
cover letter whether you wish to be considered for an Eastern Massachusetts clerkship, or a
Western Massachusetts clerkship (choose one only).
2. Résumé.
3. Law School Transcript/Academic Record. The transcript should cover the applicant's first two
years (three years for evening students) in law school and bear the registrar's raised seal.
4. Two Writing Samples. The writing samples should demonstrate the candidate's ability to analyze
legal problems and apply legal principles to factual settings. W riting samples should not be lengthy;
five to seven pages are sufficient. They must be solely the work of the candidate and may not be
edited by another.
5. Two Recommendations. Two personal letters of recommendation which evaluate the applicant's
organizational skills, character, and legal research and writing abilities are required. A letter
addressed "To Whom It May Concern" will be accepted only if it is dated after January 1, 2007 and
assesses the candidate's legal skills. Letters of endorsement from a law school Judicial Clerkship
Committee are welcome, but do not substitute for one of the two required letters of
recommendation.
6. Self-addressed Stamped Envelope. Please submit a self-addressed stamped envelope if you
would like our office to acknowledge the completion of your application. It is the applicant's
responsibility to ensure that all materials are either postmarked or received by September 21,
2007. Only applications received by September 7, 2007 will be acknowledged as received.
7. Trial Court Application. You can obtain a trial court application at any Massachusetts state courthouse.
You may also download the trial court application from the Internet at www.state.ma.us/courts. Click on
Employment Opportunities and then Trial Court Application.
Applications will be accepted from June 1, 2007 through September 21, 2007. In order for your materials
to be considered, your application must be received or postmarked by September 21, 2007. You are not required
to send all materials in one package. Applications and inquiries should be addressed as follows:
Linda M. Layne (if your last name begins with A-L) or
Romeo Camba (if your last name begins with M-Z)
Superior Court Administrative Office
Suffolk County Courthouse, 13th Floor
3 Pemberton Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02108
The Committee will interview only those applicants considered most qualified. Interviews are conducted in
the fall, and hiring decisions are usually made by the end of November. Applicants attending out-of-state law schools
who wish to schedule an earlier (summer) initial interview should indicate this in their cover letter.
PLEASE NOTE that incomplete and late application packages will not be considered. We CANNOT make any
exceptions. If you have any questions regarding this application procedure please call Linda Layne or Romeo
Camba at (617) 788-8130, or e-mail them at linda.layne@jud.state.ma.us or romeo.camba@jud.state.ma.us.
3
PREPARING YOUR CLERKSHIP APPLICATION
1. RESEARCH AND WRITING EXPERIENCE
We encourage applicants to take advantage of every opportunity to gain research and writing experience
and to highlight their research and writing skills in their résumés and cover letters.
During law school, students may gain research and writing experience through research/teaching positions,
independent studies, or writing papers or journal/law review articles. Students often gain the most valuable research
and writing experience from summer law clerk positions, co-op positions, internships, and part-time legal work. If
you participate on moot court boards or in clinical programs, you should highlight the research and writing
components of these experiences on your résumé.
2. WRITING SAMPLES
The Superior Court requires two writing samples. We read the writing samples carefully, looking for the
applicant's ability to analyze legal problems and apply legal principles to different factual situations. Please do not
submit lengthy writing samples; five to seven pages are sufficient; a section of a longer memo will suffice.
Writing samples must be solely the work of the applicant, that is, unedited by others. Briefs or opinions
signed by someone other than the applicant and law review articles are considered to be edited.
We suggest that you proofread your writing samples carefully for grammar, punctuation, citation form, and
organization. W riting samples are a critical part of your application. W e emphasize the importance of submitting your
best work.
3. COVER LETTERS
We read cover letters thoroughly and often learn a great deal about the applicant from them. Cover letters
are another opportunity to highlight one’s experiences, interests, and individuality. It is essential that cover letters
be well written and proofread carefully. Please state in your cover letter whether you wish to be considered for
an Eastern Massachusetts clerkship, or a Western Massachusetts clerkship (choose one only).
4. RÉSUMÉS
Résumés are miniature biographies. Applicants should include their academic background, school activities,
legal work, and other legal research and writing experiences. Additionally, students working throughout law school
to finance their education whether in law-related or nonlegal positions should include this information on their
résumés.
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
The strongest letters of recommendation attest to the applicant's research, writing, and analytical skills as
well as to his or her character and ability to produce quality work under time constraints. W e suggest that the letters
of recommendation include the relationship of the person writing the letter to the applicant.
The Superior Court requires two letters of recommendation, but you may send more. Letters can be from
two professors or two employers, or one letter from each. In reviewing applications, we find it helpful to read
evaluations of your work and character from both an academic and work-related point of view. If you were recently
employed or are currently working in the legal profession, we suggest that you ask your employer to write a letter
on your behalf.
6. ACADEMIC CREDENTIALS
While excellent academic standing is an important factor, we also look for highly motivated, well-rounded
law students and attorneys who have demonstrated their research, analytical, and writing skills throughout law school
and in their professional pursuits.

LALSA Newsletter 4/16/07 - 4/21/07

In this Issue:
- LALSA Events and Reminders including:
-----Course Selection/ Law Journal Info Session THIS Thursday
-----LALSA Bar Review THIS Friday
-----LALSA Banquet Info

- Job Fair, Conferences, Etc.
-----Latino Law & Public Policy Conference THIS Thursday
-----BLG Job Fair Info***
-----Felix Arroyo's Birthday Party Invitation

LALSA EVENTS & REMINDERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) 2Ls & 3Ls PLEASE SUMBIT COURSE/ PROFESSORS RECOMMENDATIONS
The ALSAs are compiling an info list on courses and professors to hand out to 1Ls. Please submit your thoughts on your courses/professors to BCLALSA@gmail.com by TOMORROW, April 22.

2) LAW JOURNALS & COURSE SELECTION INFO SESSION - Thursday, April 19 at 12:30
Location: EW115A
Please join us for an info session on the write-on competition for the law journals, as well info on what courses and professors you should be sure to take. Free Food will be provided. LALSA, APALSA, BLSA & SALSA are co-sponsoring this event.

3) LALSA BAR REVIEW - Friday, April 20 @ 8:45pm
Location: Mojitos, Winter St, Boston MA
Everyone is welcome to LALSA's end of the year bar review to celebrate the graduating 3Ls. There will be free drinks, salsa lessons and more. Please bring your student ID. Each student ID will allow free entry to student + 2 guests!!! Please contact BCLALSA@gmail.com with any questions

4) LALSA ANNUAL BANQUET - Monday, April 23 @ 6pm
Last Day to RSVP is THIS thursday
Location: Tasca Restaurant, 1612 Comm Ave. Brighton MA
Please note the TIME CHANGE to 6pm (instead of 5:30). Please join us as we celebrate the graduating 3Ls and the end of a great year. The guest speaker will be Senator Jarrett Barrios. Please RSVP on the evite or to BCLALSA@gmail.com

5) LALSA OUTLINE BANK
Please submit outlines to BCLALSA@gmail.com to add to our outline bank on lexis nexis. To view to current outlines go to lexisnexis.com/lawschool and click on webcourses. If you have problems accessing this please e-mail bclalsa@gmail.com

JOBS, CONFERENCES, ETC -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) NETWORKING FAIR AT HARVARD LATINO LAW & PUBLIC POLICY CONFERENCE - Thurs April 19 4-5:30pm
Location: Kennedy School of Government in the Taubman building, Nye Conference room.
** Free **
You are invited to attend the Networking Fair at the Harvard Latino Law and Public Policy Conference: Advancing a National Leadership Agenda, on Thursday, April 19 from 4:00 to 5:30 pm. Wine and hors d'oeuvres will be served and a keynote address sponsored by the Conference and given by Henry Cisneros will immediately follow the fair in the KSG forum.

Employers attending the conference this year include law firms
Dewey Ballantine,
Littler Mendelson,
Shearman & Sterling,
Quarles & Brady,
Cleary Gottlieb,
Sullivan & Cromwell,
Steptoe,
Skadden,
Nutter,
Proskauer Rose and
Goodwin Proctor.
Additional employers will include
McKinsey,
Massachusetts State - Offices of Diversity and Equal Opportunity and
Office of Refugees and Immigrants,
the GAO,
the CIA, and
the Hispanic Health Council.

For more information or to register for the conference, please visit http://www.law.harvard.edu/alumni/lar-program.htm
Please come - we want this to a big event for networking among area Latino students!*

2) 2007 BLG BOSTON JOB FAIR
Please go to our website between now and May 4, 2007 to complete the online pre-registration form for the Boston Job Fair, (www.bostonlawyersgroup.org). To be eligible to participate you must submit your resume and transcript to your law school career service office by Friday, July 13, 2007.

3) COUNCILOR FELIX D. ARROYO'S BIRTHDAY PARTY - Friday, April 20 6-9pm
Location: Jamaica Plain American Legion Post #76, 280 South Street, Jamaica Plain (parking is available and the hall is located across the street from the Forest Hills T Station)
The "Friends of Felix" invite you to Councilor Felix D. Arroyo's Birthday Party. Let us come together and celebrate his birthday!! More importantly, help us re-elect him to continue his equity and justice agenda:
Ø Pursuing more affordable housing for our communities.
Ø Improving neighborhood safety.
Ø Advocating for economic equity for our families.
Ø Seeking justice for our children and equal education for all.
$25.00 Minimum Donation
$10.00 for Senior Citizens, Students and Low-income
Large donations of $200 to $500 are accepted as sponsors
Make personal checks payable to "Friends of Felix" (We cannot accept corporate checks or money orders). Please mail contributions to: "Friends of Felix," Lillian Gonzalez, Treasurer, P.O. Box 1421, Boston, MA 02130
This announcement was printed in-house and the labor was donated. Authorized by the "Friends of Felix" Committee to Re-elect Felix Arroyo. For more information: www.felixarroyo.com


4) OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT - Tuesday, April 24, 2007, 5:00- 7:00pm
Location: the John Adams, Courthouse, One Pemberton Square, Boston

Who Should Attend: Women and Minority Law Students and Newly-Admitted Lawyers
Sponsored By: The National Association of Women Judges and Co-Sponsored by the Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts and Bromberg & Sunstein LLP.

Join Massachusetts Appeals Court Justice Nan Duffly, President-Elect of the National Association of Women Judges; Chief Justice Margaret Marshall, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial court; and former State Senator Patricia McGovern, Legal Counsel to General Counsel, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, to learn about opportunities in the three branches of government. The evening will be filled with informal discussions with women judges, legislators, and members of the executive Branch *Click here to RSVP*<https://web.memberclicks.com/mc/quickForm/viewForm.do?orgId=nawj&formId=26109 by Friday, April 20, https://web.memberclicks.com/mc/quickForm/viewForm.do?orgId=nawj&formId=26109. For more information, contact Appeals Court Law Clerk Stephanie Mandell at stephanie.mandell@appct.state.ma.us
*Cost:* *$10 for those newly admitted to the bar*; Law students are free

LALSA Newsletter 3/26/07 - 4/1/07

****LAST DAY FOR ELECTION NOMINATIONS!!! ALL NOMINATIONS MUST BE IN BY MIDNIGHT TODAY! FOR MORE INFO ON POSITIONS GO TO: http://bclalsa.blogspot.com/2007/03/2007-2008-lalsa-elections.html. ****

****Check out the new bclalsa blog at http://bclalsa.blogspot.com/ for events and info ******

DID YOU MISS LAST WEEK'S PROSPECTIVES ON LATINO LEADERSHIP IN MA?
Check out a paritial taping of the event at: http://polemicatv.com/2003MainSite_PolemicATVcom/AV__PolemicATV_2005-0000.htm

Events----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) TASTE OF DIVERSITY AT BC: Thursday, March 29th @ Barat House 4-7pm
Come join us celebrate diversity month with lots of food, music, and performances, including capoeira, and puerto rican folklore dance. There will be an open bar!
Co-Sponsored by: APALSA, BLSA, LALSA, SALSA, JLSA, IALSA, LAMBDA and LSA Diversity Committee

2) FUNDRAISER FOR NEW BEDFORD IMMIGRANT FAMILIES -- THIS Monday - Thursday 11:00 - 2:00
Location: Snack Bar
The Immigration Raid in New Bedford has had a significant impact on hundreds of families. LALSA will be tabling in the cafeteria this week to give out information, sign-up volunteers and to fundraise. The fundraising will go towards "The New Bedford Immigrant Families/ Niños Fund". For more info contact: BCLALSA@gmail.com
Please donate generously!

3) LALSA 2007-2008 ELECTIONS -- Tues, April 3 at 12:30 in EW 400
Please join us for our last general body meeting where we will be holding LALSA elections for the 2007-2008 year. All LALSA members are encouraged to run. To vote you must attend this meeting and be a LALSA member. FREE LUNCH will be provided. For information on how the elections work and a description of the positions go to http://bclalsa.blogspot.com/2007/03/2007-2008-lalsa-elections.html.

4) WRITING FOR PUBLICATION: STUDENT AUTHORS DISCUSS THEIR WORK - Today, March 26th
When: 12:00pm
Where: Stuart 408


Conferences, Jobs, Internships, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BLG MOCK INTERVIEW PROGRAM: Sign up ASAP!!!!
When: March 28th 5:30 pm - 7:30 pm
Who: 2007 BLG Mentors and Mentees
What: Mentees practice their interview skills with practicing attorneys in a mock one-on-one interview session. Mentees will receive constructive feedback on their resume and interview skills
Where: Bingham McCutchen LLP, 150 Federal St, Boston, MA
To register visit: http://www.bostonlawyersgroup.org


THE PUERTO RICAL LEGAL DEFENSE & EDUCATION FUND Summer Law Internship Program - Deadline, March 30th
Please reply to email for application.

FIRST NATIONAL DOMINICAN STUDENT CONFERENCE SPONSORED BY YALE- Deadline for registration April 13
When: April 27-29
Check it out and register at: http://www.dominicanstudentconference.com/.

DELAWARE MINORITY JOB FAIR: Deadline Monday, April 23, 2007
For more information and an application, reply to this email.

VOLUNTEERS NEEDED TO HOUSE ADMITTED LATINO STUDENTS

We need hosts for the night of March 29th as well as for March 30th, 31st and April 1. You do not have to house a student for more than one night. Please email bclalsa@gmail.com if you want to find out more and/or volunteer. This will be a great way to meet admitted students and share your thoughts on BC, boston, etc.

Taste of Diversity at BC -- March 29

Date: Thursday, March 29th from 4-7pm
Location: Barat House

Come join us celebrate diversity month with lots of food, music, capoeira, and more.

This event is co-sponsored by: APALSA, BLSA, LALSA, SALSA, JLSA, IALSA, LAMBDA and LSA Diversity Committee

For more info contact: Jonathan Agudelo at agudeloj@bc.edu

Perspectives on Latino Leadership in Massachusetts

Date: Wednesday March 21, 2007 @ 5:30
Location: Stuart 414 (Faculty Lounge)

Please come listen to City Councillor, Felix D. Arroyo and Judge, Diana Maldonado discuss their perspectives on Latino Leadership.

FREE Dinner Provided

Co-Sponsored by: LALSA & LSA Diversity Committee

For more info: Contact BCLALSA@gmail.com

2007-2008 LALSA ELECTIONS

It is that time of the year and we are getting ready for LALSA's e-board elections. The elections will take place at our general body meeting, which will be held on Tuesday, April 3th in EW 400 at 12:30. At the meeting, all candidates will have the opportunity to make a short speech and LALSA members will have the opportunities to ask questions. VOTING WILL TAKE PLACE AT THE MEETING AFTER ALL SPEECHES ARE MADE. To vote, you must be a LALSA member (i.e. be in LALSA's listserv / receiving LALSA e-mails) and you must attend the meeting . There will not be absentee voting or any other method of voting.

The 8 executive board positions are listed below. To run for a position, you must be nominated by a LALSA member. Please e-mail your nominations to bclalsa@gmail.com, including the person's name, position for which he/she is being nominated, and a brief statement of why he/she is being nominated. All nominations must be received by Monday, March 26, at midnight. On Tuesday morning, an e-mail will be sent listing all nominees and giving the nominees an opportunity to decide whether to run and, if so, for what position (each person can only run for one position). Those running for a position must submit a brief personal statement by Sunday, April 1st, at 5PM, explaining why they would be the best fit for the specific position - such statements will be e-mailed to LALSA members on the Monday prior to the election, April 3.

PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THE FOLLOWING:

- All elected executive board members are required to attend a "LALSA Executive Board Leadership Meeting" on Wednesday April 4 from 9 - 10am.

- All candidates should keep in mind that LALSA Executive Board duties may conflict with semester-long study abroad or full-time clinical programs.

- The regualr term of office shall be for one (1) year and no person may hold more than one office at the same time.

The President. The President of LALSA shall have general supervisory power over the activities and business of LALSA. The President shall chair the meetings of the Executive Board and the meetings of the General Membership. The President shall have the power and responsibility to represent LALSA when and where the need arises and in doing so shall promote the goals, needs, and interests of the members of LALSA.

The Vice-President. The Vice-President shall have the power and responsibility of ensuring the smooth and efficient internal operation of LALSA. The Vice-President shall have responsibility and powers to provide academic support programs for LALSA which include, but are not limited to, LALSA's mentor/mentee program and the inviting of speakers of interest to Boston College Law School. The Vice-President shall have the power and responsibility of the President in the President's absence.

The Secretary. The Secretary of LALSA shall be responsible for the communication of information within LALSA. The Secretary shall have the powers and responsibilities of assuring that all LALSA members are aware of all the business and activities of LALSA. The Secretary shall send a weekly newsletter to the General Membership detailing LALSA business and activities. The Secretary shall be responsible for the maintenance and distribution of minutes for all meetings of the Executive Board and of the General Membership and shall update the listserv when necessary.

The Treasurer. The Treasurer of LALSA shall have custody and control of the financial assets of LALSA and shall see that they are deposited in a financial institution approved by the Executive Board. The Treasurer shall assure that entries are regularly made in the financial records and keep full and accurate account of all monies received and disbursed by LALSA. The Treasurer shall make regular financial reports to the Executive Board and the General Membership. The treasurer shall also maintain the LALSA services provided in LexisNexis.

Community Liaison. The Community Liaison shall co-chair the Community Outreach Committee with a 1L. Each Community Liaison shall work with the Admissions Office in recruitment programs to reach out to prospective students. The Community Liaison shall also be in charge of coordinating both community service and social activities. This will include activities with other area law schools and MAHA as well as coordinating outreach programs to the Latino community.

Professional Development Co-Chairs. The Professional Development Co-Chairs shall have the powers and responsibilities of creating and maintaining a professional informational network between present LALSA members and LALSA members that have graduated from Boston College Law School. The Professional Development Co-Chairs shall create and maintain a professional informational network with the legal community. The Professional Development Co-Chairs shall make regular reports to the Executive Board and General Membership concerning this network. The Professional Development Co-Chairs shall also advise 1Ls on job search, resume, and interviewing strategies.

Diversity Chair. The Diversity Chair shall co-chair the diversity committee with a 1L. Each Diversity Co-Chair shall be in contact with other group leaders to coordinate events together and discuss pertinent issues regarding race and culture in the law and in the community. The Diversity Co-Chairs shall be in charge of working with school leaders on the issue of diversity in the law school and shall also attend meetings on diversity in the law journals. The Diversity Co-Chairs shall also plan events for diversity month.

January 24, 2007 – GUEST SPEAKER PROFESSOR MICHAEL OLIVAS

Time: 5pm
Location: Stuart 414 - Faculty Lounge
Sponsored by: LALSA & ACS
Brazilian Food will be provided

Please come to hear guest speaker Professor Michael Olivas of University of Houston talk about his book: "Colored Men" and "Hombres Aqui": Hernandez v. Texas and the Emergence of Mexican American Lawyering. Professor Olivas will discuss the litigation history of Hernandez v. Texas, the 1954 US Supreme Court case that was decided w/in 10 days of the Brown v. Board decision. The case involved jury selection in Jim Crow Jackson County, Texas, following the 1951 shooting of Joe Espinosa by Pete Hernandez in Edna, Texas.

When Hernandez was convicted and sentenced to life imprison by an all-white jury, his lawyers argued that he had not been tried by a jury of his peers, and that no Mexican American had ever been called to jury duty in the County. While the State's highest court of Criminal Appeals sided with the State, attorneys John Herrera, James deAnda, Carlos Cadena, and Gus Garcia took the case to the US Supreme Court, which unanimously overturned the verdict and ordered a new trial. This was the first case ever tried by Mexican American lawyers in the US Supreme Court.

Because it was overshadowed by the glare of the greater Brown case, many people do not know this case, decided fifty years ago. It is very significant. First, it contains extraordinary anti-subordination language, perhaps better even than that in Brown. Second, it reveals the extent to which a nascent minority group organized itself, without legal organizations or ethnic machinery such as that created by Blacks to attack segregation. Third, it reveals Jim Crow conditions for Mexicans in the South, and had resonance for the larger issue of how minorities fare in the criminal justice system. Finally, it is a fascinating tale in its own terms.

A full-length book has been published by Arte Publico Press in 2006, and contains the papers and extensive materials on the case: Michael A. Olivas, ed. "COLORED MEN” and “HOMBRES AQUI": Hernandez v. Texas and the Emergence of Mexican American Lawyering (Arte Publico Press, 2006).

The title comes from the Court's paragraph:

"The petitioner's initial burden in substantiating his charge of group discrimination was to prove that persons of Mexican descent constitute a separate class in Jackson County, distinct from "whites." One method by which this may be demonstrated is by showing the attitude of the community. Here the testimony of responsible officials and citizens contained the admission that residents of the community distinguished between "white" and "Mexican." The participation of persons of Mexican descent in business and community groups was shown to be slight. Until very recent times, children of Mexican descent were required to attend a segregated school for the first four grades. At least one restaurant in town prominently displayed a sign announcing "No Mexicans Served." On the courthouse grounds at the time of the hearing, there were two men's toilets, one unmarked, and the other marked "Colored Men" and "Hombres Aqui" ("Men Here"). No substantial evidence was offered to rebut the logical inference to be drawn from these facts, and it must be concluded that petitioner succeeded in his proof."

Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475, 479-80 (1954) (footnotes and references omitted)